Major Alan Robert Constantine Jenks, MC, R.E.

Lieutenant Colonel (Retired) Edward De Santis, MSCE, P.E., MinstRE
(December 2023)

Figure 1. Acting Major Alan Roger Constantine Jenks, MC, R.E.
(Image courtesy of the Imperial War Museum)

Military Cross. Mention in Despatches
61^st Field Company, Royal Engineers
Who died on 31 July 1914

2. FAMILY INFORMATION AND EARLY LIFE

Albert Robert Constantine Jenks was the eldest son of Edward Jenks (1861-1939). B.C.L., M.A., and his second wife, Dorothy Mary Jenks, née Forwood (1872-1971).[2]

Edward Jenks was a prominent lawyer and educator. He was the Principal and Director of Legal Studies of The Law Society and formerly a Reader in English Law in the University of Oxford. He had been a Tutor of Balliol College, a Fellow of King’s College and at one time the Dean of the Faculty of Law in the University of Melbourne.[3] He was the author of The Government of the British Empire (As at the end of the year 1917), a book dedicated to his son.

Edward had a second son, Jorian Edward Forwood Jenks (1899-1963). He was an English farmer, environmentalism pioneer and fascist and has been described as "one of the most dominant figures in the development of the organic movement.” See Annex A for more details. It is unlikely that his father thought much of the philosophy of his second son.

Alan Jenks was born in Melbourne, Australia on 12 April 1891. His family moved to England around the turn of the century and Alan entered Blundells School, an independent co-educational boarding and day school in the English public school tradition, in Tiverton, Devonshire in 1903. In 1908 Jenks entered City & Guilds College in London where he studied towards a Bachelor of Science Degree in Civil Engineering and Mechanical Engineering from 1908 to 1911. He was an Advanced Workshop Student at the Royal Arsenal at Woolwich.[4]

On 23 January 1914 Jenks joined the Inns of Court Officers Training Corps as a Private (Number 752). The Inns of Court Officer Training Corps (OTC) provided basic officer training at Berkhamsted before candidates went on to be commissioned. The cadets learnt drill, musketry, entrenching, bombing, map reading, field exercises and lectures on different aspects of leadership and command. During the war around 13,000 men passed through the corps for officer training.[5] On 14 November 1914 Jenks also joined the Institution of Civil Engineers as a Student Member.[6]

Based on his training in the Inns of Court OTC and his degree in engineering, Jenks was commissioned a 2^nd Lieutenant in the Royal Engineers sometime during late 1914 or early 1915.[7] Soon after commissioning he was posted to the School of Military Engineering (S.M.E.) at Chatham, Kent for training as an engineer officer.

His military training at Chatham included courses in field fortifications, construction, surveying, telegraphy, electric lighting, submarine mining, photography, chemistry, military law and tactics. The Field Fortifications course lasted for 4 months and 23 days. This course consisted of field and siege engineering, field defence, attack of fortresses, mining construction, demolition of railways and water supply. The Construction course was 6 months and covered building materials, engineering construction, hydraulics, construction of barracks, drainage, manufacture of iron and steel, mining, quarrying and machinery. Next came the Surveying course consisting of five months of technical training in geodesy, astronomy, meteorology, trigonometrical chain and road surveys and use of surveying instruments. One to two months of military topography followed, which included military surveying and sketching and elementary reconnaissance. In the School of Telegraphy, Electric Lighting and Submarine Mining he studied the theory of electricity, use of telegraph instruments, bracing and connecting instruments, making of batteries, firing mines and testing tubes. All of this was accomplished in two months with an additional one month devoted to electric lighting, signalling by flag, lamps and heliograph. The School of Chemistry was a short course of varying length that generally covered practical chemistry, especially relating to limes, concrete and other building materials. Finally, the School of Military Law and Tactics, also a course of varying length, consisted of special lectures in law and tactics as dictated by current military situations. This training at the School of Military Engineering lasted for just under 24 months. Jenk’s training at the S.M.E. may have been curtailed based on the fact that he had a degree in engineering and had attended the Inns of Court OTC.

Following his training at Chatham, Jenks was posted to the 61^st Field Company, Royal Engineers in the 14^th (Light) Division. The division came into existence as a result of Army Order No. 324, issued on 21 August 1914, which authorized the formation of the six new divisions of K1 (Kitchener’s Army). It was formed of volunteers. At first it was numbered the 8^th (Light) Division, but as more regular army units became available to create a division, they were given precedence and this was renumbered as the 14^th (Light) Division. Initially without equipment or arms of any kind, the recruits were judged to be ready by May 1915, although its move to the fighting front was delayed by lack of rifle and artillery ammunition.[8]

The medal roll for 2^nd Lieutenant Jenk’s 1914-15 Star medal shows that he disembarked in France on 21 May 1915. It may be assumed that this date approximates the date that the 14^th (Light) Division arrived on the Western Front. In addition to the 61^st Field Company, the division’s engineers also consisted of the 62^nd Field Company, the 89^th Field Company and the 14^th Divisional Signal Company.

In 1914, each infantry division included two field companies. A third was added during January 1915, as more units came up to strength and passed training. As noted above, by the time that Jenks joined the 61^st Field Company as a section commander, the 14^th (Light) Division already had its third field company.

23 non-commissioned officers (Company Sergeant-major, Company Quartermaster Sergeant, Farrier Sergeant, six Sergeants, seven Corporals, and seven 2^nd Corporals [a rank peculiar to the Royal Engineers and Army Ordnance Corps]

186 other ranks (one Shoeing Smith, one Trumpeter, one Bugler, 138 Sappers, 37 Drivers, and eight Batmen)

Two attached Privates of the Royal Army Medical Corps for water duties and one
attached Driver of the Army Service Corps (not counted into strength, as officially he was part of the Divisional Train)

The 61^st Field Company’s War Diary is even more precise regarding the movements of the unit. The diary was opened on 20 May 1915 while the unit was at Aldershot. It indicates that the over-strength company moved to Southampton and embarked on that date with 5 officers and 223 other ranks aboard S.S. Minnesota and HMS Empress Queen. The company was quickly moved into the front line and just after mid-July it saw its first action.

On 19 July, the Germans held Hooge Chateau and the British the chateau stables and no man's land on either side was 70 yards to 150 yards wide. Inside the German salient was a fortification under which the 175^th Tunnelling Company had dug a gallery 190 feet long and charged a mine with 3,500 pounds of ammonal, but waterlogged ground required the explosives to be loaded vertically. The mine was sprung at 1900 hours and left a crater 120 feet wide and 20 feet deep, which was rushed by two companies of the 8^th Brigade of the 3^rd Division. No artillery-fire had been opened before the attack and the Germans were surprised as bombers of the 8^th Brigade advanced 300 yards, but then had to retire 200 yards when they ran out of bombs. The trenches near the crater were consolidated and connected to the old front line, the 8^th Brigade losing 75 casualties and taking 20 prisoners. On 22 July, the 3^rd Division attacked east of the new line during the evening and the 14^th (Light) Division attacked further north at Railway Wood, but lacking surprise, both attacks failed.

On 30 July the Germans attacked Hooge against the front of the 14^th Division, which had held the line for a week, undoubtedly greatly assisted by Jenks’ Sappers. The area had been suspiciously quiet the night before and at 0315 hours the site of the stables exploded and jets of fire covered the front trenches, the first German flame thrower attack against British troops. A simultaneous bombardment began and most of the 8^th Rifle Brigade was overrun and the rest retreated to the support line. A second attempt to use the flame throwers was frustrated by rapid fire but attempts to counter-attack failed and most of the captured trenches were consolidated by the Germans. On 6 August the 6^th Division relieved the 14^th (Light) Division and made a deliberate attack, with diversions on either flank by the 49^th Division near Boesinghe, the 46^th Division near Hill 60 and the 17^th Division further right along with the 28^th Division. From 3 August heavy artillery bombardments were fired at different times during the early hours. French artillery and 3 Squadron Royal Flying Corps participated and two brigades attacked after a hurricane bombardment. The brigades linked at the crater and dug in and German counter-attacks were broken up by the artillery which, with direction by artillery-observation aircraft, suppressed German artillery retaliation until mid-morning, when visibility was reduced. Part of the captured ground on the right was evacuated under intense bombardment during the night. The 16^th Brigade had 833 losses and the 18^th Brigade 1,295 casualties, mostly from artillery fire after the attack.

It was during the action described above that 2^nd Lieutenant Jenks displayed conspicuous gallantry and ability when he made a valuable reconnaissance of the enemy’s trenches and in the ensuing fight displayed great personal dash, initiative and resource. These are the words contained in his citation for the award of the Military Cross that he would receive for his actions on 30 July 1915. From the wording of the citation it would appear that his reconnaissance took place during an offensive action of the 14^th (Light) Division. From the description above, this reconnaissance may have been made on or about 22 July in preparation for the division’s attack at Railway Wood. It also is likely that he witnessed or even came close to the German flame thrower attacks during the battle. The 61^st Field Company suffered no fatalities during this battle.

The British Staff realised that it would not be possible to regain their lost ground in a haphazard manner and so they went about carefully planning and coordinating an attack which would have a limited objective: retaking Hooge. Like so many of these places around Ypres the German possession of the village gave them a tremendous advantage for observing the British Lines.

In deceptive operations, units as far away as Boesinghe, to the west of Ypres and in touch with French units as well as those to the south of Hooge, created new jumping off trenches or laid down preliminary bombardments — all to confuse the Germans as to the real intentions of the assault.

At 0245 hours a short but heavy barrage was laid down on the German positions. Half an hour later it stopped and the British troops who had been crawling out into no-man’s land rushed the German defences. On the right, in front of the 18^th Brigade, there was up to about 450 metres between the two sides, but on the left (16^th Brigade’s front) this quickly dwindled down to about 50 metres.

It was for the 2^nd Durham Light Infantry to come out of Sanctuary Wood to the south of the main road and attack the crater. They made very good progress taking the crater very swiftly, aided by the complete surprise that they had and a secondary bombardment which was now falling behind the German front line, preventing them from being able to bring up reserves for a counter attack. The attack had cost the Durham’s a third of their strength in casualties, but the crater was taken and a weak point in the Allied line re-secured.

The 14^th (Light) Division and the 61^st Field Company played a supporting role in this action. On the following day, Temporary 2^nd Lieutenant Jenks was appointed an Adjutant.[11] It is not quite clear whether Jenks remained with his company or whether he was appointed to serve on the staff of the Commander Royal Engineers (C.R.E.) of the division. On 10 September 1915 the London Gazette of that date published his award of the Military Cross for his actions on 30 July.

The 61^st Field Company suffered one fatal casualty in this battle: 40383 2^nd Corporal Jack Whibley.[12]

With the aim of diverting German troops away from Loos when the British attack went in there on 25 September 1915, there were three subsidiary attacks by the British, the largest being the second attack on Bellewaarde in the Ypres salient.

At 1620 hours this attack was launched on a 2,000-yard front from Hooge to the Bellewaarde Ridge. On the right the 3^rd Division went forward with the 1^st Royal Scots Fusiliers from 9 Brigade, the 1^st Gordon Highlanders and the 4^th Gordon Highlanders from 8 Brigade and the 2^nd South Lancashire and the 2^nd Royal Irish Rifles from 7 Brigade. Their advance astride the Menin road was preceded by the firing of two pairs of mines. The German front line south of the road was taken in the first rush but no further progress could be made while north of the road, uncut wire and German machine guns prevented 7 Brigade from capturing Hooge Chateau and the strongpoint at south-west corner of Bellewaarde Lake. In the afternoon a heavy German bombardment of the captured trenches followed by a strong bombing assault resulted in these positions being evacuated and the 3^rd Division falling back to their own front line.

42 Brigade of the 14^th (Light) Division attacked on the left with the 5^th Shropshire Light Infantry, the 5^th Oxford & Bucks Light Infantry and the 9^th Rifle Brigade in front. The German front line was taken at three separate points across the Bellewaarde ridge, but Bellewaarde Farm was not captured. There followed a number of attempts to bomb the enemy out of the intervening stretches of their front line but the inferiority of British grenades at this stage of the war meant that these were unsuccessful. Again in the afternoon a strong German counter attack developed which fell hardest on the 9^th Rifle Brigade near Railway Wood. The 9^th King’s Royal Rifle Corps, also of 42 Brigade moved up in support but both battalions were driven back to their own line. However they did manage to keep possession of the new mine crater. Eventually the 5^th Shropshire Light Infantry and the 5^th Ox & Bucks Light Infantry, further south, were forced to withdraw. No ground was gained and the casualty list was long; over 2000 among the ranks of 3^rd Division and nearly the same number for the 14^th (Light) Division. The 61^st Field Company lost an officer at Bellewaarde: Lieutenant Frederick Clement Macnaught.[14]

On 1 November 1915 Jenks was appointed a Temporary Lieutenant[15] and on 18 November he was again appointed to the post of Adjutant.[16] While he was serving in France he found time to apply for Associate Membership in the Institution of Civil Engineers. His application was dated 29 January 1916 and shows him as serving with the Royal Engineers in France and a Lieutenant and Adjutant. He indicated on the application that he had completed his training and that he had been engaged in the design and construction of works within the profession of Civil Engineering for a period of 1½ years. The Institution of Civil Engineers considered his military experience adequate to qualify for Associate Membership.

The Battle of Delville Wood was one of the twelve battles of the Somme in 1916. The battle was the début of the 1^st South African Brigade, part of the 9^th (Scottish) Division) on the Western Front, which captured Delville Wood and held it from 15 to 19 July. The casualties of the brigade were similar to those of many British brigades on the first day on the Somme (1 July 1916). After the relief of the South Africans the battle for the wood continued until the end of August, when the last German footholds were captured by 43 Brigade of the 14th (Light) Division on 27 August. A large German counter-attack on 31 August regained part of the north edge of the wood until British attacks from 4 to 8 September, which secured the wood until the battles of 1918.

Delville Wood was a costly battle for the 61^st Field Company. The company suffered four fatal casualties:[17]

The battle was the first full scale offensive since the first day of the Somme. It was to involve the Fourth Army (Rawlinson) and part of the Reserve Army (later Gough’s Fifth Army). The plan was for XV corps to break through the German lines north east of Flers, allowing the cavalry to get into the German rear area. Most of the troops involved were given three or four objectives, all of which needed to be captured on the first day of the battle if a breakthrough were to be achieved. After two and a half months of struggle, Haig believed that he was finally close to breaking through the final line of prepared German defences.

The attack was preceded by a massive artillery bombardment. On 1 July the attack had been supported by one field gun for every 21 yards of front, and one heavy gun for every 57 yards. At Flers-Courcelette those figures increased to one field gun for every 10 yards and one heavy gun for every 29 yards. One problem with the artillery barrage was that the tanks used in the attack were so slow that they needed to advance ahead of the infantry. This meant that corridors had to be left in the creeping barrage, to allow the tanks to advance. In some places this meant that key German strong points, which naturally had been made the tank’s main objectives, were untouched by the creeping barrage.

On the right of the line XIV Corps did not have a successful day. The 56^th Division was to form the right flank of the attack, buts its attack soon bogged down. To their left the 6^th Division needed to overcome a strong German position known as the Quadrilateral, north of Leuze Wood, before it could attack its first objective for the day. Despite some bitter fighting, little progress was made. Next in line was the Guards Division. They eventually reached their first objective, but in some chaos. Once there they believed themselves to be at their third objective for the day, and halted.

To the right XV Corps was much more successful, but failed to achieve the hoped for breakthrough. Their attack was supported by fourteen tanks (four more were allocated to the corps but were unable to take part in the attack). The 14^th (Light) Division had to begin the day early, to clear the Germans out of a pocket east of Delville Wood, where they still held on to a forward position. This attack was carried out by two companies from the 6^th battalion of the King’s Own Yorkshire Light Infantry, supported by one tank. The infantry attack went in at 0530 hours and despite the loss of every single one of their officers pinched out the salient and then took part in the main offensive.

All three divisions of the XV Corps (14^th (Light) Division, the 41^st Division and New Zealand Division) reached most of their third objectives. In the centre of the corps, 41^st Division had the job of capturing Flers, and was given the most tanks. The village of Flers was captured early in the day, with one of the tanks playing a big part in the advance, driving up the main street of the village with the infantry following on behind. However, once beyond the village the advance stopped. The fourth objective, and with it the breakthrough, was just beyond reach.

Next in line III Corps met with mixed success on 15 September. On its left the 15^th Division captured the village of Martinpuich, but on the right the 50^th and 15^th Divisions cleared High Wood but were unable to make any more progress.

Finally, on the extreme left of the British attack was the Canadian Corps of the Reserve Army (Gough). They reached their final objective by 0825 hours, and were able to take advantage of this early success by capturing the village of Courcelette.

The attack was renewed on 16 September without any real success. The Guards Division suffered heavily while making an unsupported attack, and had to be relieved that night. In the centre XV Corps attacked at 0925 hours. The 14^th (Light) Division was let down by the artillery, and after an ineffective bombardment was unable to make any progress. The 21^st Division attack (led by the 64^th Brigade under Brigadier General H.R. Headlam) became bogged down passing around Flers. It then fell too far behind the artillery barrage, and its only tank was destroyed by an artillery shell. The Brigade signal headquarters in Flers was also destroyed by shellfire. The New Zealand Division repulsed an early German counterattack, and then made some limited progress before being ordered to halt when news came through of the failure to their right. III Corps also made little progress.

On 17 September General Rawlinson issued orders for a general resumption of the offensive on the next day. The planned attack was then postponed until 21 September, and then cancelled. When the fighting resumed on the Fourth Army’s front, it would be towards Morval, in the east.

Over the last seven days of the battle the British engaged in a series of small scale operations designed to consolidate the line, especially in the area around High Wood, where the limited advance on 15 September had left a bulge in the new line. Heavy rain began on 18 September, which made further offensive operations even more difficult.

The battle of Flers-Courcelette was much more successful than the general attack on 1 July had been, but it had failed to achieve its main aim, of punching a hole in the German lines. Although the British had come close to the rear of the original German lines, the Germans still had enough reserves to restore the situation after the early successes.

The 61^st Field Company lost three men killed in the Battle of Delville Wood:[19]

The main British assault of the first day was directly east of Arras, with the 12^th (Eastern) Division attacking Observation Ridge, north of the Arras–Cambrai road. After reaching this objective, they were to push on towards Feuchy, as well as the second and third lines of German trenches. At the same time, elements of the 3^rd Division began an assault south of the road, with the Devil's Wood, Tilloy-lès-Mofflaines and the Bois des Boeufs as their initial objectives. The ultimate objective of these assaults was the Monchyriegel, a trench running between Wancourt and Feuchy and an important component of the German defences. Most of these objectives, including Feuchy village, had been achieved by the evening of 10 April, although the Germans were still in control of large sections of the trenches between Wancourt and Feuchy, particularly in the area of the fortified village of Neuville-Vitasse.

The following day, troops from the 56^th (1/1st London) Division were able to force the Germans out of the village, although the Monchyriegel was not fully in British hands until a few days later. The British were able to consolidate these gains and push forward towards Monchy-le-Preux, although they suffered many casualties in fighting near the village. One reason for the success of the offensive in this sector was the failure of Falkenhausen to employ a defence in depth. In theory, an attacker would be allowed to make initial gains, thus stretching their lines of communication. Reserves held close to the battlefield would be committed once the initial advance had bogged down before enemy reinforcements could be brought up. The defenders would thus be able to counter-attack and regain any lost territory. In this sector, Falkenhausen kept his reserve troops too far from the front and they were too late for a useful counter-attack on either 10 or 11 April.

The 61^st Field Company had one fatal casualty during this battle; 140260 Sapper J.A. Higgins, killed in action on 9 April; however, it appears that three men were killed during the preparation for the battle on 8 April. These men were:

It was not unusual for R.E. field companies to lose drivers during the preparation for a battle, as equipment and supplies had to be moved around on the battlefield and the movement of vehicles frequently caught the eye of German artillery observers.

One additional loss was suffered by the company, probably as a result of the battle. This was 40067 Company Sergeant Major Cyril Godfrey Duley who died on 16 April probably as a result of wounds suffered during the last day of the battle. From his regimental number, 40067, it appears that Duley was one of the original members of the company. Regimental numbers of the fatal casualties in the range of 40000 to 42000 were found to represent approximately 47 percent of the total number, indicating that this may be the range of numbers given to the original men assigned to the company.

After securing the area around Arleux at the end of April, the British determined to launch another attack east from Monchy to try to break through the Boiry Riegel and reach the Wotanstellung, another German defensive position in the Douai Plain. This was scheduled to coincide with the Australian attack at Bullecourt to present the Germans with a two–pronged assault. British commanders hoped that success in this venture would force the Germans to retreat further to the east. The British launched another attack using regiments from the 4^th Division near the Scarpe on 3 May. Neither effort made a significant advance and the attack was called off the following day after incurring many casualties. The British learned important lessons about the need for close liaison between tanks, infantry and artillery, which they used in the Battle of Cambrai, 1917. The 61^st Field Company did not suffer any fatal casualties related directly to this battle.

The London Gazette of 14 June 1917 contained the following entry for Jenks: “To be Acting Captain from 10 November 1916 to 9 May 1917, while holding the appointment of Adjutant, Division R.E.” This notice makes it somewhat clearer that perhaps Jenks was serving as the Adjutant to the 14^th (Light) Division C.R.E. with this appointment. On 9 May 1917 Jenks was appointed an Acting Major and was returned to the 61^st Field Company to serve as the unit’s commanding officer.[22]

On 31 July 1917, while the 14^th (Light) Division was preparing for the battle of Langemarck, Major Jenks was killed in action near Wytschaete, Ypres. A family tree entry indicates that he was killed by a German sniper. A search of the 61^st Field Company War Diary did not verify the manner of his death. The diary was written in very poor penmanship and the entries had become faded with time, so it is possible that a notation regarding his death was missed by the author. Jenks was buried in the Kemmel Chateau Military Cemetery, Row L, Grave 5.[23]

robate of his Will took place in London on 1 January 1918. His effects were left to his widow, Stella Bisshopp Jenks, and to Edward Leslie Bargin, Solicitor. Jenks effects amount to £253, 19 shillings and 4 pence (approximately $16,200 US in 2023 currency). At the time of his death his wife was residing at Radnor House, Manor Way in Blackheath, Kent.

For his service in the Great War his widow was sent his 1914-15 Star, British War Medal and Victory Medal.[24] Jenks had been issued his Military Cross prior to his death (see the MC ribbon bar in Figure 1).

Figure 4. The Medal Index Card of Major A.R.C. Jenks, R.E.
(Image courtesy of Ancestry.com)

Figure 5. Examples of Medals Issued for Major Jenks’ Service.
(Medals from the author’s collection)

NOTE: The medals shown above are not those of Major Jenks. They are included here for illustrative purposes only.

Mrs. Jenks received her husband’s trio of service medals on 18 October 1922 while she was living at 15 Evelyn Mansions, Carlisle Place, London, S.W.1.

Annex A below provides information concerning the brother of Major Alan Robert Constantine Jenks; however, no information could be found to verify Jorian Edward Forwood Jenks’ service in the Army during the Great War. No Medal Index Card could be found and no medal rolls could be located to verify that he had served in the Royal Artillery or in any other corps or regiment of the British Army. His photograph below almost appears to have been taken while he was wearing a costume. The cigarette dangling from his mouth is not something that an officer in the Army would have done while having his photograph taken in uniform. Although the reference for Annex A indicates that he was an officer in the Royal Artillery, it is doubtful.

Born in Oxford, Jenks was a farmer. He was educated at the Harper Adams Agricultural College and Balliol College, Oxford and he served as an officer in the Royal Artillery during the Great War of 1914-1918. After emigrating to New Zealand during the 1920s, Jenks returned to England. After lecturing for a spell, Jenks took over his own farm in Angmering, West Sussex. However he was forced to give up his farm due to the slump in agricultural prices and his own chronic asthma. From this point on Jenks was forced to rely on writing as his source of income, penning articles for such journals as Philip Mairet's New English Weekly and Maurice Reckitt's Christendom.

Figure 6. Lieutenant Jorian Forwood Jenks, R.A?
(Image courtesy of Wikipedia)

A member of the British Union of Fascists, he was the agricultural advisor to the party. He organised garden parties to raise funds for the BUF, a fairly common technique amongst the party's more affluent and rural supporters. A self-styled 'critic of modern economy', he wrote for the BUF journal Action under the pseudonym 'Vergillius'. He was one of the group's most active members in Surrey, where a particularly active branch existed. He also wrote articles on animal husbandry for the non-BUF journal New Pioneer, an anti-Semitic work founded in late 1938 by John Beckett and Lord Lymington. In 1936 Jenks was picked as candidate for the forthcoming general election for Horsham and Worthing.

Jenks' post-war writings included The Country Year (1946), British Agriculture and International Trade (1948), From the Ground Up: An Outline of the Rural Economy (1950) and The Stuff Man's Made Of: The Positive Approach to Health through Nutrition (1959) which was much more ecological and less fascist than his previous works. Although the organic movement has in general moved away from the politics espoused by Jenks, his influence has been felt as his themes of sustainability, small farming, opposition to the over-reliance on mechanized farming and mistrust of international food trade over local produce remain central. At the suggestion of Rolf Gardiner he sent his work to the former Nazi Agriculture Minister Richard Walther Darré who continued to write on the themes of blood and soil after the war.

Battle Honours of the Royal Engineers. The Royal Engineers Journal, The Institute of Royal Engineers, Chatham, Kent, 1925-1932.

[1] Commonwealth War Graves Commissions Memorial.

[2] Family Tree.

[3] Wikipedia.

[4] City and Guilds College Register.

[5] Wikipedia.

[6] I.C.E. Student Membership List.

[7] As his service records were not available during this research, the exact date of his commission is not known and no entry could be found in the London Gazette to indicate this date.

[8] The Long, Long Trail.

[9] Wikipedia.

[10] Wikipedia.

[11] London Gazette, 6 December 1915.

[12] Commonwealth War Graves Commission.

[13] The London WW1 Memorial.

[14] Commonwealth War Graves Commission.

[15] London Gazette, 9 December 1915.

[16] London Gazette, 14 January 1916.

[17] Commonwealth War Graves Commission.

[18] History of War.

[19] Commonwealth War Graves Commission.

[20] Wikipedia.

[21] Ibid.

[22] London Gazette, 29 June 1917.

[23] Commonwealth War Graves Commission.

[24] Medal Index Card.

[25] Wikipedia.