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Lieutenant Colonel
LINDSAY SYDNEY DANIELS, O.B.E.
Royal Engineers

by

Lieutenant Colonel Edward De Santis
Ó 2019.  All Rights Reserved.  

Figure 1.  An Officer (possibly Lieutenant L.S. Daniels?) and a Barge-Tow Horse of the Royal Engineers Inland Water Transport. 
(Photograph courtesy of the Imperial War Museum)  

1.  INTRODUCTION  

            The principal references used in the preparation of this narrative were from a number of sources.  They include Army lists, the census records, official registries in the United Kingdom, medal rolls, family trees, the London Gazette and the officer’s service papers.  The officer’s service papers found at the National Archives were rather skimpy and some pages were difficult to read.  The information provided in the papers dealt mostly with Daniel’s commissioning and with his life after leaving the Army.[i]  Specific details regarding his actual service and whereabouts in France and Flanders during the Great War of 1914-1918 were not included.

            All sources are contained in the REFERENCE section at the end of the narrative and are cited throughout in the ENDNOTES.  Every effort has been made to accurately portray the life and military service of Lieutenant Colonel Daniels. 

2.  EARLY LIFE AND FAMILY INFORMATION

The Daniels Family

            Lindsay Sydney Daniels was born in April of 1885 in Bournemouth, Hampshire.[ii]  He was the son of Archibald Frederick George Daniels (1855-1924) and Margaret Katherine Daniels (née Brownlees) (1855-1920).[iii]

            The 1891 Census of England and Wales shows young Lindsay living with his mother, his grandparents and an uncle at 68 Aspley End in Hemel Hempstead, Hertfordshire.  Hemel Hempstead is an historic town in Hertfordshire, England. It is located 24 miles northwest of London, and as such is part of the Greater London urban area.  At the time when young Lindsay lived there Hemel Hempstead was a market town.  Despite the incursion of various forms of transport, Hemel Hempstead remained principally an agricultural market town throughout the 19th century. In the last decades of that century development of houses and villas for London commuters began. Hemel steadily expanded, but only became a borough on the 13^th of July 1898, probably while Lindsay was still living there.[iv]

TABLE NOTES:  The location of Lindsay’s father, Archibald Frederick George Daniels, in 1891 is not known.  Since Lindsay’s mother is not listed as a Widow, it must be assumed that Archibald Daniels was still living and that he may have been missed by the 1891 Census or he may have been living abroad at the time of the census.

            There is no trace to be found on Ancestry.com of Lindsay Daniels family in the 1901 Census of England and Wales.  Neither his grandparents nor his parents can be found.  However, Lindsay and his family do reappear in the 1911 census.  The 1911 Census of England and Wales shows Lindsay living with his parents at 14, The Lawe in South Shields, County Durham.^(a)

TABLE NOTES:

a.       The Lawe is a promontory in the north of South Shields just south of where the River Tyne empties into the North Sea (See the map below).

b.    In 1911 Archibald Daniels was employed as a Superintendant with The Pelton Steam Ship Company in Newcastle-on-Tyne.  

c.    Margaret’s middle name also is shown as Catharina in some family trees.

d.    Presumably young Lindsay worked at The Pelton Steam Ship Company where his father was employed.

Figure 2.  Map of The Lawe, South Shields, County Durham.
(Map courtesy of oldemaps.co.uk)  

His Early Years Before the Great War  

            Lindsay Sydney Daniels was initiated as a Mason on the 21^st of May 1907 in the Lord Barnard Lodge of Freemasons in South Shields and he remained a member of this Lodge until 1921.[v]  Although the 1901 census for his family could not be found, it appears that Lindsay, at age 22, was living in South Shields and perhaps his parents were living there as well at that time.

            In 1911 Daniels was working with Smith’s Dock Company in North Shields, just across the River Tyne from his residence in South Shields.  The company became associated with South Bank in Middlesbrough on the River Tees in Northeast England after opening an operation there in 1907. Smiths Dock increasingly concentrated its shipbuilding business at South Bank, with its North Shields Yard being used mainly for repair work (in particular oil tankers) from 1909 onwards. Despite the shift of focus, The Company's headquarters remained at North Shields and apparently Daniels worked at this headquarters location.[vi]

            While employed at Smith’s Daniels married Annie Morrow Tulley in July of 1913.  Annie was born in South Shields on the 10^th of December 1887, the daughter of John Joseph Stephenson Tulley and Agnes Tulley (née Carr).  In 1914 Lindsay and Annie were living at 2, Waterville Place, Coach Road in North Shields, Northumberland.[vii]

3.  COMMISSIONING AND TRAINING          

Commissioning

            In October of 1915 Daniels applied for an appointment to a temporary commission in the Regular Army for the period of the Great War of 1914-1918.  He began this process by initiating a Form M.T./393.  The application required him to provide certain particulars about his life and required him to obtain certificates as to character and educational qualifications.  On page one of the M.T./393 form Daniels indicated that he had been born in 1884, was married and was of “Pure European birth.”[viii]  He also indicated that he was British born and that his father also was British by birth.  He gave his permanent address and his address for correspondence as 14, The Lawe, South Shields.  He further indicated that he was not serving and had never served in any government department, that he was not able to ride (horseback), that he was not serving and had never previously served in His Majesty’s Naval or Military Forces or in the Officers Training Corps and that he had never previously applied for a commission. 

            On page two of his application Daniels indicated that he desired a commission in the Royal Engineers and that he would like to serve in the Inland Water Transport (I.W.T.) service of the R.E.  This was the obvious choice for him to make as his civil experience working with The Pelton Steam Ship Company and Smith’s Dock Company in North Shields would be just the kind of experience needed for serving in the I.W.T. 

            Daniels’ moral character was attested to by Fred G. Home, a Justice of the Peace for the County of London, who indicated that he had known Daniels for a period of five years.  Home’s address on the form is listed as 261 Manchester Road, Poplar E.  Daniels’ standard of education was declared to be good by Mr. H.A. Garratt of the London County Council School of Engineering.  He appears to have studied Mechanical Engineering prior to entering the Army, as this field of engineering is indicated on his Protection Certificate issued in 1919 when he was demobilized.

            Daniels was interviewed by a Major in the Royal Engineers from the Director of the Movements Branch at the War Office.  On the 13^th of October 1915 this Major recommended that Daniels be granted a temporary commission in the Regular Army for the period of the war as a Lieutenant, R.E. as from the 20^th of October 1915.

            Daniels had previously undergone a medical examination on the 10^th of October 1915 in association with his application for commission.  Prior to the examination he stated that he had never suffered from any serious illness or injury, that he was not presently suffering from any mental or bodily infirmity or physical imperfection or disability, that he had never suffered from “fits” or any description and that his vision in both eyes was good for both near or distant objects with either eye without the aid of glasses.  Finally he indicated that he had revealed to the Examining Medical Officer all circumstances within his knowledge that concerned his health.  Lieutenant John F. Gibbons of the Royal Army Medical Corps found him fit for military service based on a medical examination.

            Based on the information contained in Daniel’s application, a Minute Sheet was prepared for forwarding to the War Office stating that:-

            “Mr. Lindsay Sidney [sic] Daniels has been appointed temporary Lieutenant, R.E. (Inland Water Transport section) with effect from 20^th October 1915.”  This appointment subsequently was published in the Supplement to the London Gazette, 6 November 1915, page 11016.

            Once his appointment had been confirmed Daniels presumably began to get his personal affairs in order in preparation for reporting for duty as a brand new Lieutenant.  One of the first items on his list of things to do would have been the purchase of his uniforms.  The photograph of the officers below shows the typical service uniform worn by officers during the Great War.  Of particular interest in this photograph is the I.W.T. armband worn by officers and all ranks in the I.W.T.

 Training

            From his service papers and his application for commission it appears that Daniels direct commission in the Royal Engineers as a Lieutenant was the result of his technical education and experience working with ship building and ship repair firms in civil life.  There is no indication in his records that he received any basic military training as an officer, although there was an almost two month period between his appointment and the date that he arrived in France to join the British Expeditionary Force.  That short period may have been ample time for him to receive some training at the Royal Engineers Depot at Chatham, Kent before he went on active service.

4.  ASSIGNMENTS AND CAMPAIGN SERVICE

            Daniels arrived in France on the 13^th of December 1915.[ix]  By this date the Inland Water Transport and Docks section of the Royal Engineers in France and Flanders already consisted of a headquarters and 26 companies.  Daniels appears to have been assigned directly to the headquarters.  However, prior to discussing Lieutenant Daniel’s assignment and campaign service in France, it would be beneficial to discuss the overall role and mission of the Inland Water Transport in that theatre of the war. 

Inland Water Transport, R.E.[x]

           Both France and Belgium possessed a highly developed system of inland waterways which in peace time carried a heavy traffic.  The principal canals and canalized rivers behind the Western Front are shown on an enlargement of the northern area in the map below.  North-east of a line from Calais to Arras was an extensive network; further south the river Somme was navigable from where the canalized upper reaches join the St. Quentin canal downwards past Amiens and Abbeville to St. Valery on the coast.  Further south again the Seine connects Paris, Rouen and Havre.  The Somme is connected to the northern system by the St. Quentin canal and to the Seine by the canalized Oise.  But throughout the greater part of the war the connections between the northern system and the Somme and Seine, were behind the German front, leaving the Allies with three separate systems connected only by sea. The ordinary lightly-built, low freeboard, craft of the inland waterways could be transferred from one system to another only in the calmest weather.  At Abbeville the Somme was spanned by a railway swing bridge.  The railway traffic between Abbeville and the north was so heavy that it could not be interrupted often, and the risk of craft fouling the bridge and possibly interrupting all railway traffic for days was too serious to be incurred often.  Regular traffic on the river past Abbeville was therefore impracticable; the bridge was, in fact, opened during the war only on two or three occasions to permit the reinforcement of the local craft on the river above Abbeville.

            The advantage to be derived from using the waterways for military purposes did not appear to be great.  Compared with the network of railways the navigable waterways were few and far between.  The routes were fixed, and to vary them would be a work of years. Repairs to waterways damaged during operations would usually take far longer than repairs to a similar length of railway.   Traffic on them was conducted during daylight alone, and might be sus­pended altogether during fog, frost or gales, or by floods which raised the water-level so that barges could not pass under bridges over the waterway. The rate of movement was very slow. Allowing for the passage of locks, adverse winds and currents, etc., progress of loaded barges was only about 10 miles per day when horse-drawn and 25 when hauled by tugs.  Nevertheless, before the end of the war the inland water transport directorate was dealing with a very large volume of traffic, besides undertaking a great variety of valuable miscellaneous services unforeseen at its inception.  The success of the directorate was largely due to the fore­sight, perseverance and organizing ability of Commander Gerald Edward Holland, C.I.E., D.S.O., a retired officer of the Royal Indian Marine.[xi] At the time of the outbreak of the war Com­mander Holland was Marine Superintendent of the London and North Western Railway.  At a very early date in the war he came to the conclusion that an inland water transport service would be of advantage to the army in France; he approached the War Office, at first without result, but eventually succeeded in getting his views accepted.

Figure 5.  Commander Gerald Edward Holland, C.I.E., D.S.O.
(Photograph courtesy of Holyhead War Memorial Web Site)

            The following sections of this work detailing the life and military service of Lieutenant Colonel Lindsay Sydney Daniels present in tabular form summaries of the significant events in his military career.   Information pertaining to Daniels’ Post Service Live, Marriage and Personal Life are presented following the tables.

Figure 14.  Officer’s Service Dress Cap Badge of the Great War Period.
(Author’s collection)

5.  PROMOTIONS AND STAFF APPOINTMENTS

a.  Promotions:  Lindsay Sydney Daniels received the following promotions during his time in service:

 b.      Appointments:  Lindsay Sydney Daniels received the following staff appointments during his time in service:

6. MILITARY TRAINING AND QUALIFICATIONS

a.  Military Training:  Lindsay Sydney Daniels’ service papers do not indicated that he received any formal military training.  As stated in the narrative he may have received some rudimentary training to familiarize him with the organization of the Corps of Royal Engineers and the organization of the Inland Water Transport; however, it was his civil education and experience that was relied upon to have him perform his duties with the I.W.T. staff in France and Flanders.

b.      Military Qualifications:  Lindsay Sydney Daniels qualified as a staff officer in the Inland Water Transport service of the Royal Engineers based on his degree as a Mechanical Engineer and his civil experience working with the building and maintenance of various vessels.

c.       Civil Qualifications:  Lindsay Sydney Daniels earned the following civil qualifications during his lifetime.

             The dates of these qualifications are approximate since Daniels’ service papers do not provide details regarding when they were earned.

7.  MEDALS, AWARDS AND DECORATIONS  

            Lindsay Sydney Daniels received the following medals, awards and decorations during his time in service:[xxviii]  The naming on the medals is in impressed upper-case lettering.

Figure 15.  The Medals of Lieutenant Colonel Lindsay Sydney Daniels, R.E.[xxxi]

Figure 16.  The Medal Index Card of Lieutenant Colonel Lindsay Sydney Daniels, R.E.
(Image courtesy of Ancestry.com)  

8.  RELEASE FROM SERVICE  

            Lindsay Sydney Daniels was released from service in 1919 when he was demobilized after the Great War and after he relinquished his commission.  His total service was reckoned approximately as shown in the tables below. 

 9.  POST SERVICE LIFE  

            After leaving the Army Daniels went back into the shipping and shipbuilding business.  On the 27^th of October 1920 he was initiated into the Letchworth Lodge of Freemasons in Gibraltar.  He listed his occupation as Civil Engineer in his application to join the Letchworth Lodge.[xxxiii]  On the 21^st of December 1921, while serving as the Surveyor of Ports in Gibraltar, he was honored by the Governor of Gibraltar who presided over his investiture into the Order of the British Empire. 

            In his capacity as the Surveyor of Ports Daniels worked out his office at 18 Cornwall’s Lane and he was responsible for the southern coast of Spain from the frontier to Almeria, a distance of about 270 kilometers along the coastline.[xxxiv]

            As a Surveyor of Ports (also known as a Marine Surveyor) Daniels conducted inspections, surveys or examinations of marine vessels to assess, monitor and report on their condition and the products on them, as well as inspecting damage caused to both vessels and cargo. He also inspected equipment intended for new or existing vessels to ensure compliance with various standards or specifications. These surveys typically included the structure, machinery and equipment and general condition of a vessel and/or cargo.

Figure 17.  Cornwall’s Lane, Gibraltar, as it Appears Today.
(Image courtesy of propertygibraltar.com)

            Daniels and his wife Annie resided in Gibraltar until about 1922.  Annie returned to England alone on the 28^th of May 1922 aboard R.M.S. Circassia bound for Liverpool.  Apparently she went home for a short while to visit relatives.  It appears that they both then went to India, as the ship’s manifest for S.S. Olympia shows them both arriving at Liverpool from Bombay on the 3^rd of October 1922.  The passenger list shows Daniels as a Consulting Engineer with his last permanent residence at Gibraltar.

Figure 18.  R.M.S. Circassia.
(Photograph courtesy of Wikipedia)  

Figure 19.  S.S. Olympia.
(Photograph courtesy of Wikipedia)

            By 1932 the Daniels were living at Bend Cottage in Spelthorne, Surrey and in 1939 their residence was listed as Buena Vista, Hemel Hempstead, Hertfordshire, the town where his family lived in 1891.

            On the 20^th of April 1939 Daniels wrote a letter to the Officer in Charge, Royal Engineers Records at Chatham.  From the letterhead that he used it appears that he was working for King’s Langley Gravel Company in King’s Langley, Hertfordshire.  In this letter he wrote the following:

Dear Sir,

            Will you please tell me where I have to report in case of emergency, according to Army form Z.3 I have to report to Sandwich, this depot now appears to be in civilian hands.

            Trusting you will supply me with this information,

I remain, Dear Sir,

Yours faithfully,

LS Daniels

            Two things appear to be apparent from this letter.  Firstly, Daniels may have perceived that the problem brewing on the continent at the time with Germany would ultimately result in armed conflict and secondly, he felt that he still had an obligation to serve should this armed conflict come about.  On the 10^th of May 1939 Daniels received the following response from the R.E. Records Office addressed to him at the King’s Langley Gravel Company.

            Sir,

            With reference to your letter dated 20^th April, 1939. I am directed to inform you that the instructions contained in your Army Form Z.3 are now not operative.

I am,

Sir,

Your obedient Servant,

D. Hutton

Lieut-Colonel

For Director of Mobilization  

            The decision to consider his mobilization instructions “not operative” resulted from some internal memoranda between two senior officers of the Royal Engineers in which one asked if Daniels would be of any use if recalled.  It was noted that Daniels was not in the Reserve of Officers but that he could be offered an Emergency Reserve commission if he was needed.  It was also noted that Daniels was 55 years of age at the time.  The second officer indicated that he did not think that Daniels’ service was needed as he had reached the age limit for military service and that there no longer was an Inland Water Transport directorate in service at that time.  This correspondence essentially ended Lindsay Sydney Daniels’ military career.

            Presumably Daniels continued his civil work as an engineer with King’s Langley Gravel.  As a Mechanical Engineer he may have been involved with the development on new plant equipment required for crushing and screening stone to produce gravel.  This would seem to be the most logical use of his talents while working for such a company.  Throughout his career Daniels listed his occupation as Mechanical Engineer, Civil Engineer and Consulting Engineer; however, working for a gravel company would most likely require his skills as a Mechanical Engineer.  The Quinell Family Tree indicates that he was a manager at King’s Langley Gravel and that the company was a sand and ballast wholesaler.   

            It also is interesting to note that while in civil life before and immediately after the Great War he worked in shipyards and port facilities.  During the war he also was involved in this type of work in the I.W.T.  However, with this work history, it is curious that he ended his working life with a company that produced sand and gravel.  Perhaps one reason for his decision to work at King’s Langley is that it is located about 3.5 miles due south of Hemel Hempstead thereby making employments there very convenient for him.

            In 1953 the Daniel’s residence was Plen Grove Road, Kingsdown (near Deal), Kent.  He was 68 years old by this time and probably had retired from his job at King’s Langley.  Nothing is known of his life from this point until the date of his death.  Lindsay Sydney Daniels died at Dover, Kent in July of 1963 at the age of 77.  

10.  MARRIAGE AND PERSONAL INFORMATION  

            As previously indicated, Lindsay Sydney Daniels married Miss Annie Morrow Tulley in South Shields, Durham in July of 1913.  There is no record indicating that Lindsay and Annie had any children.

            Daniels’ mother, Margaret Katharine (or Catharina) Daniels died in July of 1920 at Hemel Hempstead, Hertfordshire, perhaps while he was in Gibraltar.

            His father, Archibald Frederick George Daniels died on the 21^st of May 1924 at 32 Marlowes, Hemel Hempstead, Hertfordshire.  Obviously Daniels’ family had a strong connection to Hemel Hempstead, and this may well be the reason why he took up permanent residence there.

            Lindsay’s brother, Leslie Archibald Daniels, died at Surrey Northern, Surrey in October of 1951.

            Annie Morrow Daniels died at Dover, Kent in 1967.

APPENDIX A.  

Gerald Edward Holland, Royal Engineers

Army Lists

1. The Monthly Army List, October 1920.
2. The Monthly Army List, November 1920.
3. The Monthly Army List, December 1920.

 Books  

  1.  ADDISON, G.H.  THE WORK OF THE ROYAL ENGINEERS IN THE EUROPEAN WAR, 1914-1918: Miscellaneous.  Institution of Royal Engineers, Chatham, Kent, 1926.
  2.  AMERICAN BUREAU OF SHIPPING.  Rules for the Construction and Classification of Wood Ships, New York, 1921, p. xxxiv.
  3.  HENNIKER, A.M.  HISTORY OF THE GREAT WAR: Transportation on the Western Front, 1914-1918.  The Imperial War Museum, London, 1937.
  4.  ROYAL ENGINEERS.  History of the Corps of Royal Engineers, Volume V, The Home Front, France and Flanders and Italy in the First World War.  Institution of Royal Engineers, Chatham, Kent, 1952.

 Census  

1. 1891 Census of England and Wales.
2. 1911 Census of England and Wales.

Family Trees  

1. Carole Quinell Family Tree. 

https://www.ancestry.com/family-tree/person/tree/76100317/person/310183888629/facts?_phsrc=iWN13&_phstart=successSource

2. Catherine MaryX Family Tree.

https://www.ancestry.com/family-tree/person/tree/112247170/person/220097985635/facts?_phsrc=iWN146&_phstart=successSource  

Government Agencies  

FERRINI, P.  Central Chancery of the Orders of Knighthood, 23 May 1977.  

Internet Web Sites  

1. Smith’s Dock Company.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smiths_Dock_Company  

2. Holyhead War Memorial.  https://sites.google.com/site/holyheadwarmemorial19141918/home/army/gerard-edward-holland-royal-engineers

London Gazette  

1. Supplement to the London Gazette, 6 November 1915, p. 11016.
2. Supplement to the London Gazette, 8 May 1916, p. 4532.
3. Supplement to the London Gazette, 29 January 1917, p. 1040.
4. The London Gazette, 11 December 1917, pp. 12907 and 12911.
5. Supplement to the London Gazette, 24 May 1918, p. 6086.
6. The London Gazette, 3 June 1919, p. 185.
7. The London Gazette, 5 July 1919, pp 8485 and 8490.
8. The London Gazette, 29 August 1919, p. 10958.
9. Third Supplement to the London Gazette, 15 September 1921, p. 7303.

Medal Rolls  

1. Medal Index Card, Major L. S. Daniels.
2. Medal Index Card, Brigadier G.E. Holland.
3. Royal Engineers Medal Roll, 1914-15 Star, Major L.S. Daniels.
4. Royal Engineers Medal Roll, British War Medal and Victory Medal, Lieutenant L.S. Daniels.
5. Mention in Despatches Index Card, Temporary Major L.S. Daniels, 11 December 1917.
6. Mention in Despatches Index Card, Temporary Lieutenant Colonel G.E. Holland, 22 June 1915. 
7. Mention in Despatches Index Card, Temporary Colonel G.E. Holland, 1 January 1916.
8. Mention in Despatches Index Card, Temporary Colonel G.E. Holland, 15 May 1917.

Passenger Lists  

1. UK Incoming Passenger List, SS Circassia, 28 May 1922.
2. UK Incoming Passenger List, SS Olympia, 3 October 1922

Personal Communications  

1. Langridge, Colin, March 1977 (Dealer’s notes).
2. Ferrini, Peggy.  British Information Office, New York, N.Y., 18 May 1977.

Registers  

   1.  England and Wales Civil Registration Birth Index, 1885.
   2.  England and Wales Civil Registration Marriage Index, 1913, (Annie M. Tulley).
   3.  England and Wales Civil Registration Marriage Index, 1913, (Lindsay S. Daniels).
   4.  UK City and Counties Directory, Northumberland, 1914.
   5. London, England, Electoral Registers, 1832-1965, Surrey, Spelthorne, 1933.
   6.   England, United Grand Lodge of England Freemason Membership Registers, 1751-1921.
   7.  1939 England and Wales Register.
   8.  British Phone Book, 1952, Canterbury Area.
   9.  British Phone Book, 1953, Canterbury Area.
  10.  England and Wales Civil Registration Death Index, 1963.

Research Services  

CRAWFORD, R.  Westchester Medal Verification and Research Service.  R. Crawford, Peekskill, N.Y., 1977.  

Service Papers (War Office File WO339/44065)  

1.  Form for Final Closing of Military Service File, 10 May 1939.
2. Minute Sheet, dated 2 May 1939, re: Continuation in Service of Lt. Col. L.S. Daniels.
3. Director of Mobilisation letter to L.S. Daniels dated 2 April 1939, re: Recall for Mobilisation.
4. L.S. Daniels letter to OIC, R.E. Records dated 20 April 1939, re: Reporting for Mobilisation.
5. Records Office sheet dated 21 April 1939, re: Summary of Particulars Regarding L.S. Daniels.
6. Protection Certificate dated 13 June 1919.
7. Minute Sheet, dated 25 June 1919, re: Staff Appointment of Temporary Major L.S. Daniels.
8. Minute Sheet, dated 30 October 1915, re: Appointment of L.S. Daniels to Temporary Lieutenant.
9. Minute Sheet, dated 30 May 1919, re: Relinquishing of Commission of Lt. Col. L.S. Daniels.
10. Request for Extension of Leave for Lt. Col. L.S. Daniels, dated 8 April 1919.
11. Form M.T./393, dated 13 October 1915, re: Appointment of L.S. Daniels to a Commission in the Regular Army.
12. Medical Report regarding the commission of L.S. Daniels dated 10 October 1915.
13. Recommendation for Commission of L.S. Daniels dated 13 October 1915.
14. Particulars of Next of Kin of L.S. Daniels dated 13 October 1915.
15. Protection Certificate dated 2 June 1919.